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Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an essential element in understanding environmental and health-related concerns. With its status as one of the major greenhouse gases responsible for climate change, monitoring CO2 levels has become increasingly critical. Carbon dioxide sensors, devices designed to detect and measure the presence of CO2 in the air, play a vital role in various industries, from ensuring optimal air quality in buildings to ensuring safety in industrial processes. This article explores...

Introduction to Particulate Matter (PM) Sensors Particulate Matter (PM) sensors play a pivotal role in monitoring air quality by measuring the concentration of airborne particles. As urbanization and industrial activities continue to escalate, the importance of particulate matter sensors has grown exponentially. These sensors are essential tools for assessing air pollution, diagnosing indoor air quality, and tracking the performance of diesel exhaust filters. PM sensors have become particularly...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an indispensable component of Earth’s atmosphere, playing a pivotal role in the carbon cycle and regulating global temperatures. While naturally present in the air, its levels must be carefully monitored, especially in indoor environments, to ensure health and productivity. For indoor spaces, the ideal CO2 level is typically considered to be between 400 and 1,000 ppm (parts per million), with many experts recommending levels below 800 ppm to promote well-being and efficiency....

Abstract The accuracy of PM2.5 sensors depends heavily on the measurement method used. While the beta-ray and micro-oscillating balance methods are well-established and widely accepted, the light scattering method is less commonly used. This is mainly because it is sensitive to environmental factors, which may lead to inaccuracies. This study focuses on the PMS3003 laser sensor, comparing its measurements to those of a benchmark device. The analysis shows a linear correlation between the two, influenced...

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a wide range of organic chemicals that are released as gases from certain solids and liquids. These compounds are significant to air quality, especially in indoor spaces where their concentrations are often higher than outdoors. VOCs encompass a broad category of chemicals that originate from everyday products and industrial materials. Due to their prevalence and potential health effects, it is crucial to understand the sources and impact of VOCs, as well as...

Introduction In recent years, air pollution has become an increasingly important concern worldwide, with particulate matter (PM) being one of the primary pollutants. PM2.5 particles, with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, are particularly harmful to human health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream. As a result, it is essential to monitor and control the concentration of PM2.5, especially in enclosed environments like vehicles. Automotive PM2.5 sensors are innovative...

Ensuring optimal indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is a key priority for both student health and academic performance. Among the various components of air quality, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are an important metric to monitor, particularly in enclosed environments like classrooms. Research indicates that high CO2 concentrations can impair cognitive function, reduce attention span, and lead to discomfort or even headaches, all of which hinder learning. Schools are increasingly integrating CO2...

Introduction Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a colorless, flammable, and strong-smelling chemical widely used in building materials and household products. Its presence in indoor environments is concerning, as it can be released into the air over extended periods ranging from 3 to 15 years. Elevated emissions of formaldehyde are commonly associated with higher temperatures and humidity levels, making it a persistent challenge in maintaining healthy indoor air quality. Exposure to formaldehyde can lead to...

Particulate Matter (PM), often referred to as fine dust, is a serious environmental and health concern. Among these particles, PM2.5 stands out as particularly hazardous due to its small size, allowing it to penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. The smaller the particle, the more toxic and harmful substances it can carry, making it a significant contributor to air pollution, respiratory illnesses, and even cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, PM2.5 particles have the ability...