Introduction Air pollution remains one of the most pressing environmental and public health challenges of the 21st century. Among the various pollutants, fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5...
Introduction In recent years, air quality has become a focal point for public health, workplace safety, and smart building management. Among various environmental parameters, carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels...
Introduction Indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a major focus for homeowners, building managers, and health professionals alike. With people spending the majority of their time indoors—whether...