Introduction Air pollution has become one of the most pressing global environmental challenges of the modern era. Rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, transportation emissions, and household chemical...
Introduction Indoor air quality has become a critical concern in modern society as people spend the majority of their time inside homes, offices, and commercial buildings. Studies indicate that individuals...
Introduction Air quality has become a major global concern as urbanization, industrial activity, and energy consumption continue to increase. In many regions, people are exposed daily to a complex mixture...
